Explain the main determinants of exchange rate behavior in the long Essay

Clarify the principle determinants of swapping scale conduct over the long haul and in the short run. With regards to your examination di - Essay Example The hypothesis idea in this market has made it hard for accomplishment of dependability. Additions and misfortunes can be made concurrently in this market. This presents a test in both the large scale and small scale financial matters world. The components that impact this conduct in the outside trade advertise has been a subject of worry to numerous researchers and financial specialists the world over. The point of this paper is to assess the principle determinants of conversion standard conduct both in the short-run and since quite a while ago run by lighting up various hypotheses and clarify why trade rates will in general be unstable and famously difficult to foresee. To all the more likely comprehend the trade rates, the paper will initially examine the outside trade market and afterward it will take a gander at the conversion standard systems. The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and the advantage advertise approach through the Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIRP) will likewise b e broke down here.â Overview of the Foreign Exchange Market As the name recommends, a remote trade showcase is where monetary forms are exchanged. Outside trade advertise is otherwise called forex showcase. In this market, cash is exchanged for other cash. This is the fundamental meaning of the remote trade advertise yet in more extensive terms, the outside trade showcase isn't limited to the trading of monetary forms. ... Increases are made in a similar breath as misfortunes in this market. This is so in light of the fact that the cost of the money in the market is dictated by powers of interest and gracefully (Carbaugh, 2011). The budgetary market like products showcase complies with the laws of interest and gracefully; the interest for cash fluctuates contrarily with value (Williamson, 2009). In the event that interest at a money expands its cost increments (acknowledges) making it ugly in the market. Purchasers in this manner change to purchasing items where estimation of money is low prompting deterioration of the cash until balance is reached. For instance, in a market including dollars and pounds whereby the dollar is the household money and the pound is the remote cash, an expansion sought after for outside money (pound) brings about devaluation of the local money (dollar) while an expansion in flexibly of remote money prompts valuation for the dollar until balance is reached (Sercu and Uppal, 1995). The interest and gracefully idea As appeared in figure 1, Do speaks to the interest bend for pounds while So speaks to the flexibly bend. Harmony swapping scale is gotten at where request bend converges with gracefully bend (point E). Now, the swapping scale of dollars per pound is steady henceforth the market is proficient (Carbaugh, 2011 p. 399). The interest bend for this situation speaks to the longing of the Americans to buy British products, administrations and resources and by watching the law of interest; the US interest for pound fluctuates contrarily with cost. In the event that cost builds, the interest for pounds diminishes and if cost diminishes the interest for pound increments. This implies if the dollar cost of pound builds, trades from

Angel and Demons Book Report Essay

Heavenly attendants AND DEMONS Heavenly attendants and evil presences is a heart beating experience composed by the creator Dan Brown and distributed in 2000. Dan Brown is additionally celebrated for his top of the line novel The Davinci code (distributed 2003); both these books include the anecdotal school educator Robert Langdon as the principle character or â€Å"hero† in the story. Both of these accounts spin around the sensitive subject of religion as he consolidates strict reality into dream. For one thing, our characters incorporate Robert Langdon who is an educator of symbology at Harvard University. He is traveled to a Swedish atomic research office known as CERN (Which truly exists) by the chief of CERN Maximilian Kohler to examine the homicide of regarded researcher Leonardo Verta. Leonardo Verta was the head researcher of an examination bunch taking a shot at an antimatter vitality source until he was murdered, and the counter issue taken. Robert leaves CERN with Leonardos girl Vittoria Vetra to Rome looking for the taken enemy of issue. Robert leaves CERN with another partner and one hint to settle the unwinding secret of who took the counter issue and murdered Leonardo Verta; the ambigram marked into the researcher chest saying Illuminati. Not long after showing up in Rome Robert and Vittoria are raced to Vatican City by authority of the Swiss gatekeeper Commander Olivetti, as the circumstance develops increasingly desperate after four high positioning cardinals are abducted by the illuminati professional killer, with one sign, one will each be butchered on the adjusts of science along the way of light. At the point when the danger comes in that on the off chance that they don’t stop the professional killer by eight o’clock the Vatican will be wrecked, as they race with time as the opponent to stop the obliteration of the Vatican new issues will rise and disloyalty is everywhere. This book is emphatically suggested for perusers who appreciate enormous scope riddles and individuals who appreciate stories including schemes. This is on the grounds that this story includes a test of skill and endurance and a battle to stop a mystery society that controls half of the administration itself. This story is a psyche twisting test of skill and endurance and a foe who is by all accounts everybody and control everything.

Understanding the Binge-Purge Cycle in Bulimia

Understanding the Binge-Purge Cycle in Bulimia Eating Disorders Print Dealing With the Binge-Purge Cycle in Bulimia By Susan Cowden, MS facebook linkedin Susan Cowden is a licensed marriage and family therapist and a member of the Academy for Eating Disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Susan Cowden, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 20, 2019 Justin Sullivan / Staff / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Triggering Events Binge-Eating Episode Results of Cycle Purging Episode Follows Calm Period View All Back To Top The binge-purge cycle is a cycle of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions experienced by many people who suffer from the eating disorder  bulimia nervosa. A portion of this cycle may also be experienced by people with binge eating disorder.?? The cycle looks like this: diet-binge-purge-repeat. It typically repeats itself over and over, and if you are suffering from bulimia nervosa, you may feel like its impossible to stop. But understanding this pattern of behavior is one of the best ways to figure out how to stop it and start on the road to  recovery. Triggering Events for Binge-Purge Cycle It is important to recognize that the model above, derived from cognitive-behavioral therapy, shows how a binge cycle is maintained. It does not indicate how the eating disorder first developed. Every binge cycle has an event or series of events that trigger the cycle. These triggers need not have caused the  eating disorder itselfâ€"in many cases, the triggering events or emotions are different every time. But these triggers do start a new cycle of bingeing and purging.?? Many binges stem from food deprivation. Individuals who diet or restrict their eating, even in subtle ways, set themselves up for binge eating. Food is a basic need and when that need is not met, it is normal to intake a larger than normal amount when you do allow yourself to eat again. Many people identify specific emotions as triggers for binges, such as sadness, loneliness, guilt, or feelings of helplessness or hopelessness. These emotions, which so frequently are difficult to handle, may be experienced throughout the course of a day or days. They may be caused by a specific event or series of events, such as an argument with a loved one, criticism at work, or self-criticism. People tend to be more vulnerable to emotional eating when they have been restricting their eating. Regardless of the specific emotion or event, identifying your own triggers is one way to recognize red flags which mean you need to do something different. Binge-Eating Episode Binge eating is defined as eating more in a single setting than most people would. Although this definition is very subjective, binges are much larger than a regular meal and can often contain several thousand calories. Many people describe binges in terms of feeling out of control or not really even knowing how much they are eating. Some people describe the experience as being zoned out as theyre eating â€" they then look down to find empty boxes/containers.?? Binge eating is one of the main behaviors in the binge-purge cycle. It may begin innocently with eating a small portion of food that is typically considered “off-limits.” After eating this portion many people feel guilty and decide to “eat the rest” as they’ve already “blown their diet” and would rather finish the rest of the forbidden food so it won’t be around to tempt them tomorrow. Challenging Forbidden Foods Alternatively, a binge can begin with eating comfort foods to soothe the negative emotions related to an upsetting event and then continue into a full binge. It can also be your bodys way of getting nourishment when you havent been eating enough food. Physical and Emotional Results of Cycle After a binge, most people feel uncomfortable, or even painfully, full. This feeling goes beyond the fullness you experience after, say, a major holiday meal with family and friends. Its simply the result of eating so much. Along with these physical pains comes emotional pain, possibly including feelings of embarrassment, shame, guilt, disgust and/or self-criticism. These emotions typically lead to the purge part of the cycle.?? Purging Episode Often Follows Quickly For many sufferers, the time span between binging and purging is very short. Purging becomes a way to relieve oneself of the negative feelings (physical and emotional) of the binge. 6 Steps to Stopping a Cycle of Binging and Purging Most people think of purging as self-induced vomiting, but it can also include  laxative  and/or diuretic use. Sometimes people use other behaviors, such as exercise, to compensate for the additional calories consumed in a binge.?? Some people will have one binge and purge episode and then go into a period of calm. Others may binge and purge multiple times before stopping. Calm Period Before Cycle Restarts After a binge and purge episode, there may be a period of calm. At this point, a person may resolve to never binge or purge again. He or she may even decide to begin restricting his or her food intake. Unfortunately, this will simply lead to binge eating again.?? There are also people who acknowledge that they will likely binge and purge again. They feel hopeless to stop the cycle. A Word From Verywell If you are experiencing bingeing and purging, the first thing is to know that recovery is possible. You may be able to apply some strategies on your own. Keep food records to understand your own patterns. Learn some strategies for breaking the cycle. Finally, seek help from a qualified professional. How to Challenge All-or-nothing Thinking

Literary Analysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker

Use (Literary analysis on Everyday Use by Alice Walker) Everyday many people use the same things such as phones, cars, sinks, washer, refrigerators, and etc. In 100 years would you can future ancestors still have those things but only use them as decoration or use them still no matter how old they are because that is what they are made for? Everyday Use by Alice walker is a story of an African American family that had two daughter that live a very different reality. Maggie being scarred from a house fire when she was just a little girl, made here really shy and lost a lot of confidence. Dee the old sister was considered very pretty and tried to escape anything the related her back to her poor family, she was ashamed to be poor. Mowe†¦show more content†¦Sibling rivalry isn’t just conflict between each other but also stability in adult life. Competition to see who has a better life and position in the world. Undoubtedly, sibling rivalry is a message in the story between Maggie and Dee. Another message in Everyday Use is the acceptance of culture and family history. Maggie lives still in poverty and her life very much displays her culture and she is proud of where she came from. Dee on the other hand refuses to claim her culture and instead looks down upon anyone who supports it. The story states, â€Å"No Mama, she says, Not Dee,’ Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo† (Page 1316). Dee denied her culture and decide to change her name to Wangero because she didn’t want to be name after the oppressors. Her mom respond with says she was name after them, but was name after her aunt Dicie. Still she refused the name wanting to be called Wangero. While on the other hand er younger sister Maggie didn’t understand why Dee would change her name to such a weird Eastern name. Maggie saw this as degrading to the culture her ancestors lived through. An online article by Behreandt says, â€Å" Confederate history, specifically, the notion that the traitorous South rebelled to protect the odious institution of slavery†. Slavery in the history of their family is a big reason why Dee doesn’t want to accept any part of it. Obviously, the acceptance of culture plays a huge message in the story. Equally important is theShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Everyday Use By Alice Walker771 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is shown on the surface, but do not go deeper between the lines. There are two different ways readers can interpret â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker. The first one being Dee/Wangero comes home as a new person with a new attitude. Dee’s mother sees her as a person who,†...washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t need to know.†Ã‚ ¬ (Walker 53). The other way the short story could be read is Mama shares the story in her point of view, which is not necessarilyRead MoreSame Theme, Different Development in of Virginia Woolf and Alice Walker’s The Legacy and Everyday Use690 Words   |  3 PagesTwo major literary works of Virginia Woolf and Alice Walker’s The Legacy and Everyday Use, both of them have the common that is the theme of the story carries â€Å"the heritage† issue but the focus of it is different. In The Legacy, the focus of the heritage was a relic diary of Angela for her husband. Implicitly, we can conclude that the heritage was meant to be recognition of Angela to her husband. While the focus in Everyday Use, the focus of the heritage was the quilts, and in the final story weRead MoreAnalysis Of Walker s Everyday Use863 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† The short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† by Alice Walker, contains multiple different literary elements. History and heritage play a key role in the development and conclusion of this rather intriguing story. Although history and heritage are important, the driving factors of this story are the literary elements. In particular the elements of symbols, characterization, and point of view in this story are significant. The use of symbols in this short story provide a deeperRead MoreThe Usability of Symbolism in Everyday Use by Alice Walker Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism is a technique that author’s uses to bring out the main importance of an object, but more emphasized details are being extracted in the usage of it. Alice Walker uses quilts, for example, to symbolize a â€Å"bond between women† (Spark Notes) a relationship between women, that would get passed down from generation to generation. In this story, symbolism plays a big role that makes this more attracted to the reader’s eyes. The characters such as the following: Mama Johnson, Dee, and Maggie allRead MoreSymbolic References in Everyday Use by Alice Walker1848 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism is the taking of an object big or small, and giving it something to stand for. It could be your everyday math symbols for addition, subtraction, division, and etc. Although math symbols are perfect examples of symbolism, there’s also objects that can be more than what they are. For example animals, Lions are known to be symbolized as strength, aggression, and assertiveness. Birds like doves are symbolized as love and peace. Colors are also held symbolically, for instance the color blackRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Alice Walker s Everyday Use2414 Words   |  10 PagesTulsi Rizal Prof. Mary Huffer Eng122 24 April 2016 Critical Analysis of Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† Alice Walker, most revered African American writer of the present time was born on 9th February 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia. She started her career as a social worker/activist, followed by teaching and and being a writer. She has won many awards for her fantastic social and literary works. Everyday use† was published in 1973, when African Americans were struggling to revive their original African cultureRead MoreAlice Malsenior6001 Words   |  25 PagesAlice Walker: Peeling an Essence As an African- American novelist, short–story writer, essayist, poet, critic, and editor, Alice Walker’s plethora of literary works examines many aspects of African American life as well as historical issues that are further developed by Walker’s unique point of view. Writers like Alice Walker make it possible to bring words and emotions to voices and events that are often silenced. Far from the traditional image of the artist, she has sought what amounts to aRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Alice Walker s The Color Purple1489 Words   |  6 PagesSisterhood and Feminism: A Literary Analysis of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple Behind every beautiful thing, there s some kind of pain. The color purple represents royalty and nobility, which can be use to describe the personality of Celie and Nettie and their value of life. Purple is created by combining a strong warm with a strong cool color. The one color contain two completely opposite colors which repre sent price of royalty and nobility. The Color Purple using epistolary style to describeRead MoreOpression and Inequality2595 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Racism, Oppression, and Inequality within The Welcome Table and Country Lovers† In this paper I will analyze the similarities and differences between Country Lovers written in 1975 by Nadine Gordimer, and The Welcome Table written in 1970 by Alice Walker. The overall theme and concept between The Welcome Table and Country Lovers are racism, oppression, and inequality which I analyze with critical thought and precision. Before I can begin to draw any conclusion as to comparing and contrastingRead MoreA Literary Analysis Of Still Alice3068 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿A Literary Analysis of Still Alice Still Alice (Genova, 2009) is a captivating debut novel about a 50-year-old woman’s sudden decline into early onset Alzheimer’s disease. The book is written by first time author Lisa Genova, who holds a PH.D in neuroscience from Harvard University. She’s also an online columnist for the national Alzheimer’s association. Her other books include Left Neglected and Love Anthony. She lives with her husband and two children in Cape Cod. The theme of the book is related

Where Is Cathay and What Is Its History

Around the year 1300, a book took Europe by storm. It was Marco Polos account of his travels to a fabulous country called Cathay, and all of the wonders he had seen there. He described black stones that burned like wood (coal), saffron-robed Buddhist monks, and money made out of paper. Of course, Cathay was actually China, which at that time was under Mongol rule. Marco Polo served in the court of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan Dynasty, and grandson of Genghis Khan. Khitai and the Mongols The name Cathay is a European variation of Khitai, which Central Asian tribes used to describe parts of northern China once dominated by the Khitan people. The Mongols had since crushed the Khitan clans and absorbed their people, erasing them as a separate ethnic identity, but their name lived on as a geographical designation. Since Marco Polo and his party approached China via Central Asia, along the Silk Road, they naturally heard the name Khitai used for the empire they sought. The southern part of China, which had not yet capitulated to Mongol rule, was known at that time as Manzi, which is Mongol for the recalcitrant ones. Parallels Between Polo and Riccis Observations It would take Europe almost 300 years to put two and two together, and realize that Cathay and China were one and the same. Between about 1583 and 1598, the Jesuit missionary to China, Matteo Ricci, developed the theory that China was actually Cathay. He was well acquainted with Marco Polos account  and noticed striking similarities between Polos observations of Cathay and his own of China. For one thing, Marco Polo had noted that Cathay was directly south of Tartary, or Mongolia, and Ricci knew that Mongolia lay on the northern border of China. Marco Polo also described the empire as being divided by the Yangtze River, with six provinces to the north of the river and nine to the south. Ricci knew that this description matched China. Ricci observed many of the same phenomena that Polo had noted, as well, such as people burning coal for fuel and using paper as money. The final straw, for Ricci, was when he met Muslim traders from the west in Beijing in 1598. They assured him that he was indeed living in the fabled country of Cathay. Holding on to the Idea of Cathay Although the Jesuits publicized this discovery widely in Europe, some skeptical mapmakers believed that Cathay still existed somewhere, perhaps northeast of China, and drew it onto their maps in what is now southeastern Siberia. As late as 1667, John Milton refused to give up on Cathay, naming it as a separate place from China in Paradise Lost.

Alberta Tar Sands Free Essays

string(46) " some of the most polluted air on the planet\." â€Å"Only when the last tree had died and the last river has been poisoned†¦will we realize that we cannot eat money†. This is an old Cree saying that is very applicable today. Is the mining of the Alberta tar sands worthwhile, knowing its devastating effects on the environment? There are very valid points for both arguments, being them economical, political, environmental, or moral. We will write a custom essay sample on Alberta Tar Sands or any similar topic only for you Order Now The mining of bitumen is not something that is sustainable for the environment, or the companies involved. Although these open-pit mines produce much of the world’s oil, people should consider paying more at the pumps rather than destroying the only world we have to live in. The tar sands in Alberta essentially benefit every country but Canada, and everyone will have to pay the price of the damage caused to the environment. Pollution is caused in the production of bitumen, as well as in its consumption. The first documented European discovery of the tar sands in the Athabasca region of Northern Alberta was made by Alexander Mackenzie in 1773. Over one hundred years later in 1899, Charles Mair and a party of Dene natives explored the Athabasca area by request of the Canadian government. 1 Mair and his party stayed at the northern fur trading post of Fort Chipewan. 1 Following his visit to the region, Mair made a very prophetic statement: â€Å"That this region is stored with a substance of great economic value is beyond all doubt, and, when the hour of development comes, it will, I believe, prove to be one of the wonders of Northern Canada†. 1 Commercial development of the Alberta tar sands first began in 1967 by Suncor . The oil crisis in 1973 sparked investor’s interest in mining development in Alberta, and Herman Kahn proposed that the Canadian government begin mining the tar sands. 1 However, the Trudeau government believed that it would overheat the economy, create steel shortages, unsettle the labor market, and drive up the Canadian dollar. 1 Now, instead of Canada mining the tar sands, global companies from the United States, China, Japan, Korea, France, and Norway have invested a total of 200 billion dollars in the Alberta tar sands. These investments account for sixty percent of global oil investments. Bitumen is defined as a naturally occurring semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons. The fields of bitumen are naturally occurring all around the Athabasca water basin. Most of the Alberta tar sands lie so deep underground that it must be removed by first separating the bitumen from the sand using steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). 1 SAGD works by using water from the Athabasca River and heating it into steam. 1 The steam is then pumped into the ground using hoses. Steam melts areas of bitumen from top to bottom, and the liquid bitumen drains from to the bottom of the pit where it can be collected. This method was created by University of Alberta chemist, Dr. Karl Clark. It was first used by Suncor in 1965. Bitumen is considered one of the world’s dirtiest oils, because of its many impurities. 1 These impurities make a complex mining system necessary. Clearly, the harsh reality of having mined all of the clean oil is that we must now mine the dirtiest. Fort McMurray in Northern Alberta has changed dramatically due to the growth of the mining industry’s presence in the tar sands. 1 The growth in the area is said to be exponential, with no chance of slowing down anytime soon. This growth has completely changed the identity of the city. Housing in Fort McMurray is scarce and expensive. 1 It is nearly impossible to live in Fort McMurray unless you work in the mines. This has destroyed small business owners in the city, because they cannot get anyone to work for them at a reasonable wage. Also, the high average family income has caused high inflation rates. The mine employees who live in the city temporarily have caused the city shortfalls in roads, schools, and health care. Although shocking, these are typical problems that face cities that experience such a large econo mical boom in such a short period of time. The Canadian government has no regulations for the reclamation in the Athabasca region. 1 There is also little known as to how the diverse ecosystem of the region can ever be returned to its natural state. The wetlands that once covered the area cannot be replaced. Also, the large oil companies have not found any way to destroy the toxic waste byproducts in the tailings ponds. 1 In an effort of reclamation, 7. 5 million tree seedlings were planted in the area, but many did not survive because of the state of the soil. Syncrude spent 0. 20% of its total budget on reclamation efforts in 2005. There is estimated to be no bitumen left in forty years. The Alberta government fears that the cost of the reclamation will fall on taxpayers when the global companies leave. This is why it is essential for hold these companies accountable for reclamation while there is still money to be made in the tar sands. Bitumen requires much more energy in production than standard crude oil. 1 Producing one barrel of bitumen takes three times as much energy as producing a barrel of crude oil, and it creates three times as many pollutants. However, bitumen only sells for half the price of crude oil. Every day, the amount of natural gas needed to heat four million homes is used to boil water into the steam needed in SAGD. 1 The mines also use as much water per year as a city of two million people. To produce one barrel of bitumen requires the excavation of two tons of earth, and three barrels of fresh water from the Athabasca River. 1 1. 3 million barrels are exported every day. 1 Because of the oil production, the region has some of the most polluted air on the planet. You read "Alberta Tar Sands" in category "Papers" The three hundred tons of sulphur that is releas ed into the air per day has caused Alberta’s eastern neighbor, Saskatchewan, to have recurring acid rain. This is just another example of how the destruction caused by oil production will ripple throughout the country. The forests in the area of the Athabasca oil sands have experienced extensive clear-cutting to make room for open-pit mines. 1 It is estimated that the mining developments in the region will eventually destroy a forest approximately the size of Florida. 1 Because of the destruction of the soil, the spruce and pine trees that once covered the region will never be able to grow in the now salt-rich soil. 1 This will obviously have a detrimental effect on the wildlife in the region. Already, the moose, deer, beaver, waterfowl, and other animals that once lived in the region are now scarce. 1 The delicate ecosystem of the area has been destroyed. The tailings ponds along the Athabasca River are used to hold the toxic waste that is produced in the production of bitumen. 1 These ponds now cover twenty-three square miles, and 400 million gallons of this toxic waste is produced daily. 1 It contains salt, phenols, benzene, cyanide, arsenic, as well as other carcinogens. 1 The tailings ponds pose a threat to wildlife that unknowingly enters the ponds believing them to be fresh water. This reality made headlines when 500 ducks were killed in the ponds on April 28, 2008. 1 The ponds are also not properly contained. Not only to the toxins leak into the groundwater, but many of the ponds leak directly into the Athabasca River. 1 There seems to be no real solution to this problem, as not even the experts know how to properly discard the waste in the tailings ponds. Canada has no official water policy, as well as the worst record of pollution enforcement among industrialized nations. 1 The tailings ponds contaminate the water, and Suncor and Syncrude are legally allowed by the Alberta government to ump 150 pounds of arsenic into the Athabasca River per year. 1 One hundred years ago, all of the water in Alberta was potable; it must all now be chemically treated. 1 Also, twenty-three percent of Canada’s freshwater can no longer support aquatic life because of watercontamination. Already, deformed fish are being found in Lake Athabasca. 1 Fort Chipewan is downstrea m from Fort McMurray and the mining operations. As an aboriginal people, they eat fish and wild game from the area. 1 They also drink the water from the Athabasca River. Five cases of cholangiocarcinoma, a rare cancer of the bile duct, have been recorded in Fort Chipewan in the last five years. 1 Cholangiocarcinoma typically occurs in one in 100, 000 people. 1 In 2006, Fort Chipewan’s population was 915. 1 These statistics speak for themselves; however, the province has denied the community a thorough health study. 1 The current state of Fort McMurray is due to the exponential growth that has taken place in the city. 1 However, the city’s seemingly thriving state makes it at risk for drugs, prostitution. Nearly half of mine workers test positive in drug screening. Therefore, most companies don’t do drug testing, because they would have nobody to work if they did. 2 The city and surrounding area have high rates of people driving while impaired, and road fatalities on Highway 63. 1 As well, the province of Alberta has the lowest voter turn-out in the country. 1 Fort McMurray has a high divorce rate, and a suicide rate thirty-one percent above the provincial average. 1 The city also has a high drop-out rate for high school students. The entire city is caught up in the money, not seeming to realize that their income is based on an unpredictable and unreliable market. The people living in Fort McMurray expect the money to keep on coming, and the people from outside of the city are only there for the money; when they’ve made the money that they went there to make, they will eventually leave. Alberta women also experience the highest level of abuse in the country. The province’s premier says that this is â€Å"the price to pay f or prosperity. Unfortunately, to some degree, he’s right. ElDean Kohrs is quoted as saying that â€Å"a history of power production synonymous with boom development usually leaves behind spiritual depression, divorce, drunkenness, dissension, and death†. The people of Fort McMurray can only hope that once the bitumen is gone, the city will not end up like the Klondike City of the gold rush. Although there are many devastating environmental effects of mining bitumen in the Alberta tar sands, the mining gives way to many opportunities for economic gain. The global demand for oil is a huge factor in why it is beneficial to mine the area. The Alberta tar sands are the world’s last remaining oil field, and have attracted sixty percent of global oil investments. 1 Although bitumen is referred to as ‘dirty oil’ it cannot be argued that all forms of oil cause some kind of environmental damage. Canada is now the second largest exporter of oil in the world. It is without doubt that the tar sands would eventually need to be mined, knowing our growing rate of oil consumption; but the rate of the growth is what has frightened people away from the idea of mining the area. Many of the large oil companies are making large strides in making better environmental choices. Suncor has reduced its water consumption by thirty percent in the last two years, and Syncrude has reclaimed twenty-two percent of its disturbed land. The Canadian government has also spent six billion dollars on climate change projects in the last fifteen years. 1 These are positive signs showing that the ways of mining land are changing for the better. The tar sands have also prompted growth all over Alberta. All major cities in Alberta have seen substantial growth in population over the past five years, and this growth as made Alberta one of the wealthiest provinces in Canada. Bitumen mining has also had a large effect on the Canadian dollar. 1 Between 2003 and 2006, the Canadian dollar went from sixty-four cents to eighty-seven cents on the U. S. dollar. This value is nearly parallel with the price of crude oil. Canada’s main exportation priority has become providing the United States with oil. 1 Canada is now the single larger exporter of oil to the U. S. 1 The U. S. has a high demand for oil, as U. S. citizens currently consume twenty-five percent of the world’s oil. 1 However, because of our high exportation, the Free Trade agreement is under intense scrutiny. It would seem that the agreement is no longer benefitting both countries. In summarizing the arguments, you could come to several conclusions. You may believe that the devastating effects on the environment are not worth mining bitumen. You may believe that to stay economically strong, Canada must mine the Alberta tar sands and have high exportation to the Unites States. Morally, it is clear what is right; however, economic decisions are never easy to make. The mining has devastated the region, and it is easy for a person to say that is wrong. However, these same people would not be ok with walking to work, or with paying high prices at the pumps. It is an ethical dilemma that faces the people today, between what we know is right, and what we are willing to go without. It is undeniable that the argument for the thesis is much stronger, but it may not have much validity to people concerned with the economy. The mining of bitumen is not sustainable, and will eventually recreate the identity of northern Alberta. 1 We can conclude that mining the Alberta tar sands has a detrimental effect on the environment that will eventually affect the entire world. â€Å"When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world†-John Muir. How to cite Alberta Tar Sands, Papers

Practices in Supply Chain Collaboration †Free Samples to Samples

Question: Discuss about the Practices in Supply Chain Collaboration. Answer: Introduction Woolworths Limited is one of the leading companies in Australia. The company is specialized in selling groceries but also deals in selling magazines, stationery, and DVDs. Woolworths supermarkets is a focus center in this report. Supermarket includes vegetables, meat, fruit, packaged foods, etc. The company was founded in the year 1924, by F.W. Woolworth. The company operates 1000 stores across Australia that consists of 963 supermarket stores. The company provides rewards and loyalty bonus to the customers if they buy a product from the company's stores. The facility of the discount on the product is also available according to the regions. The competitors of the company in Australia include Coles, Aldi, etc. Woolworths serves around 18 million customers every week and they give value to each and every one (Woolworths Group, 2017). The report talks about the industry analysis of Woolworths Company. This includes the market analysis as well that consist of the primary segment and target of the company. The paper throws light on the evaluation of the threats and opportunities of the company considering the Australian market. The analysis shows the condition of the market of the company. Industry market of Woolworths includes the target customers of the company. The market gets influenced by the customer preference. Woolworths supermarket is leading market this only reason company is able to earn profit out of it. Further is a discussion of the current trends of industry analysis. Growth and profitability are must for each and every company. The growth in the sales of the company rises 3.1% in the second quarter as compared to Coles; the growth posted by the Coles is 0.9%. The company said that their strategy for the growth of the supermarket is successful. Company registered growth in the sales of food division by 12.1%. Hence, there is an increase in the profit by 17.6% (Chung, 2017). The growth of the company can be determined by the shares that company is holding in the grocery market. The above image clearly shows the grocery market share in Australia 2016-2017. Woolworths is holding the highest number of market share which is approximately 33.6%. Coles stands in the second position. The business of Woolworth's supermarket is increasing day by day. This clearly shows the growth of the company and also the amount of Profit Company is earning (Fin24, 2016). Macro environment The macro environment includes the external environment factors that affect the working of the Woolworth Company. The pestle analysis is one of the tools that can be used by the company to analyze the external factors (Kew, Stredwick, 2017). P- Political: - Woolworth got the advantage of the political close relationship between the Australia and New Zealand. This is the reason due to which company was able to establish trading cooperation between two companies, comprises of the single economy. Shareholders (domestic and foreign) of the company are also secure because of the economic stability among the countries (Adamkasi, 2016). Though, political disturbance can reduce the investors due to an enhancement of the risk factor (Bodie, Kane, Marcus, 2014). E- Economic: - The company operates in an economically sound country. Australia consists of relatively high living standard as compared to the other countries. According to the international monetary fund, GDP per capita of buying power stands at a 10th position. Though, a company faced a decline in sales at the time of recession. Apart from this company might face a problem of unemployment. This may create an impact on the working of the company. S- Social: - Woolworth believes in delivering the customer delight by fulfilling the demand of the customers. The company identifies the changes in the customer preference according to trends. The company has kept relatively low prices of the product after considering the affordability of the customers (Fernie, Fernie, Moore, 2015). T- Technological: - Company is using information communication technology to bring innovation in the products. This innovation will enhance the efficiency of company's service and satisfy the demand of the customers. The company maintains a team of SOA (software oriented architecture) that monitors the business activity. Recently the company introduced Visa's pay Wave that helps in reducing the time of customers that they usually spent at check out queues. This is due to the adoption of the latest technology. L- Legal: - In the retail sector each company needs to manage the food licensing requirement. If in case, the company wants to open retail outlets then company need to fulfill the legal formalities. These regulations can impact the working of the company. The quality of the food that the company is providing should be managed according to the country's regulations. E- Environmental: - Company should always follow the environment-friendly business activities. They took part in the activities which reduce the harm to the environment. Woolworths has been participating its resources that help in minimizing the carbon footprint of the company. This will also reduce the waste of the natural resources. Investors and customers are aware of the environmental impacts so they like to invest in the company that takes care of the environmental factors. Market segment Woolworths Company target different market segments. The markets which are targeted by the company include a demographic segment, behavioral segment, and psychographic segment (Culley, Graham, Kay, Norberry, Wilson, 2017). Demographic segmentation: - The economic condition of the Australia is favorable for the growth of the supermarket. The country comes under the developed country and standard of living of the people is quite high. The demographic segment also includes people of different age group, family size etc. Woolworth's supermarket targets all the age group people. Psychographic segmentation: - This segment consists of the traits, values, and lifestyles of consumers. Generally, the company target people having the high-income slab. The purchasing power of the consumer in Australia is relatively high. Behavioural segmentation: - The customers of the company spend a lot on shopping. Woolworths supermarket consists of all the required products of the consumers. The knowledge of the consumer defines the buying power of the consumer. Primary and secondary target market Each and every organization maintains some primary as well as a secondary target market. The primary target market is the segment where the company believes that they will be to give their best chance (Gitman, Juchau, Flanagan, 2015). Woolworth also has a primary target market that includes customers having high-income slabs. The company aims at social development and concentration on the environmental needs of the customer. That is the reason the product is offered to the limited range of the people. Though, supermarket products are available for all age group people. The living standard or lifestyle of the Australians is quite high as compared to the other countries. More than 76% of the people like to buy products from the supermarket. This shows the living standard of the Australians. The product is available for both the genders. So it undoubtedly shows that the company can effortlessly earn a profit after targeting the primary market. On the other hand, a secondary target market is a market which is second most important for the company. The people who buy the product according to their preference are second most important customers (Albuquerque, Cassel, Phalippou, Schroth, 2017). The users of the particular product only generate a sale for one product. Hence, company focus on this market on the secondary basis. The attitude of the customer towards a product of the Woolworth comes under the behavior of the customer for that product. Ultimately company decided whenever customer preference is for a single product then it comes on the secondary market. The level of involvement primary segment in Woolworth Company plays an important role. This involvement can affect the decision making of the company. Woolworth supermarket is popular in Australia. The demographic segment includes the people of different age group have different preferences. This makes the company introduce a new product that can attract customers. Considering the people who cant cook company decided to provide ready-to-heat meals which provide convenience to the customers. The company also provide the facility of ready-to-cook food products. The company is increasing the range of the meals this is because of the change in the lifestyle of the customers (Battersby, Peyton, 2014). The demand for the products is continuously increasing which makes the company from decision considering the customer lifestyle. The level of involvement of customers is continuously increasing. Some primary segment customers were not able to visit supermarket every time. To enhance the convenience of the customer company took a decision to provide the products online. The company took a step to invest the amount in multi-channel (Arli, Dylke, Burgess, Campus, Soldo, 2013). The company offered new click and collect locations to customers within Australia. The sales of the company get affected because of the price of the products. Company target high-income slabs people. Reason being the prices of the product provided by the customer is relatively high. Comparing the pricing strategy with the competitors it's quite high (Pollard, Landrigan, Ellies, Kerr, Lester, Goodchild, 2013). Woolworths tries to understand the range of the price customer wants or the affordability of the customers. This affected the company to bring higher quality and better prices. New stores and refurbishments The company is said that they are trying to manage the balance between new stores and existing store refurbishments. At the time of the refurbishment company will take help of the local customers for the designs. The company wants to design according to the preference of the local customers. Customers made the strategy to open the store outlet where they can find the huge number of the potential customers. Considering the primary segment company took the decision for new outlets (Australian food news, 2015). The above given are the few points which show that the primary segment influences the decisions of the company. These decisions enhance the growth and fulfill the demand of the customers. This helps in enhancing the customer loyalty towards the brand. The competition of the Woolworth supermarket in Australia is continuously increasing. The current competitor of the Woolworths Company is Coles. As per the data, Woolworth is 42% expensive than Coles. The keep same or similar prices of the product across the world but on the other hand, Coles Company changes the prices according to the regions. The company also claims that they ensure that their customers provide a great quality product at the excellent prices. Strength and weakness of the company show the internal analysis of the company. As Coles is the biggest competitor of the Woolworth so below are the strength and weakness of both the companies. Woolworth has a direct connection with the suppliers which helps the company for smooth operations (Murray, 2014). Strength The company is well-known brand and oldest brand in Australia. That consists of a large number of outlets. The company has a strong commitment to sustainability and environment. They also take care of the CSR programs that help the brand in creating a good market in Australia (Grigg, 2015). Weakness The company provide a product at relatively high cost and avoid offering a discount to the customers. The company doesn't have an international presence. Strengths The company provides attractive pricing strategy to their customers along with the promotional offers. The promotional strategy of the company made the brand popular within the country and outside the country. This is the initial step to expand the business internationally. Weakness Coles company is not able to fulfill the social responsibility and not able to fulfill CSR. That leads to the negative image of the brand in Australia. The company operates on low margin as compared to the competitors such as Woolworth. The above description shows the strength and weakness of the company as well Competitors Company. Woolworth strength is a weakness of Coles and Coles strength is a weakness of Woolworth or vice versa. The competition among both the companies is neck to neck. It is also said by the company that they are making 3-year strategies that will help the companies in enhancing the trust of the customer. The strategies formed by the company focuses on the lowering the cost of the products and improving the customer satisfaction. Positioning The positioning of the Woolworth supermarket in Australia market is relatively high than its competitors. The position of the company can easily be measured by analysing the amounts spent by the Australian on the supermarkets (Heffernan, 2016). The above image throws light on the amount spent by the grocery buyers on supermarkets. Australian spends $32.6 billion at Woolworths which is comparatively more than other supermarkets. This clearly shows the popularity of the brand and the position of the company. The company stands on 1st position in Australia. On the other hand, the amount spent by the grocery buyer on Coles was $29.8 billion. This was possible because of the involvement of the primary segment of the company. Company sales, profit, position, etc. rely on the involvement of the primary segment (Richards, Devin, 2016). The brand plays an important role for a company to lead in the market. The position of the brand is directly related to the brand value of the company.Positioning map It is a map that categories the company on the basis of the quality and prices. The map helps in understanding the position of the company. The price and quality of the products play an important role for the company. Positioning Map of Woolworths Supermarket The above image is a positioning map that shows the position of the Woolworths Company. The company lies in the quality and high price. On the other hand, the competitive company Coles lies under the category of the medium quality with medium prices. This shows that the company Woolworth believes in delivering quality services to their customers. Maintaining a stable positioning in the market is a must for the company. Conclusion The report talks about the analysis of the company Woolworths. Company supermarket is a focused market in the report. The analysis and evaluation throw light on the market condition of the company. It also shows the opportunities and threats of the company that can help a company in taking the right step. The competition among Woolworth and Coles is continuously increasing. The company needs to take care of the strategies they are implementing. Woolworth needs to improve the weakness of the company to gain the competitive advantage in the market. The company makes strategies related to the market penetration which enhance the number of customers. A company can also offer the attractive offers on the occasions or lean season which enhances the demand of the customers. It also makes the international customers aware about the brand. The company should try to work on the pricing strategy. So that company will be able to offer the affordable price range to the middle-income group range as well. This will help the company in acquiring the middle-class people attention. This will also enhance the brand value of the company. Later on, the company should try to expand the business not only domestic but international as well. References Fin24. (2016). Woolworths continues to show strong growth. Viewed on 28th August 2017 https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Retail/woolworths-continues-to-show-strong-growth-20160211 Woolworths Group. (2017). Strategy and objectives. Viewed on 28th August 2017 https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-approach/strategy-and-objectives Adamkasi. (2016). PESTLE-PESTLE Analysis of Woolworths. Viewed on 28th August 2017 https://freepestelanalysis.com/pestle-pestel-analysis-of-woolworths/ Sampson, A., (2017). Amazon Freshs bold promise to Australians. The Weekly Times. Viewed on 28th August 2017 https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/news/national/amazon-freshs-bold-promise-to-australians/news-story/1c4bbfb35e727aaa79d052fa7b4ef74f Roy Morgan. (2015). Supermarket weep: Woolies share continues to fall and Coles and Aldi split the proceeds. Viewed on 28th August 2017 https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/7021-woolworths-coles-aldi-iga-supermarket-market-shares-australia-september-2016--201610241542 Kew, J., Stredwick, J. (2017). Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers. Fernie, J., Fernie, S., Moore, C. (2015). Principles of retailing. Routledge. Culley, B., Graham, J., Kay, G., Norberry, J., Wilson, S. (2017). Digital Marketing Plan: Naked Wines Australia. Newcastle Business School Student Journal, 1(1), 68-89. Gitman, L. J., Juchau, R., Flanagan, J. (2015). Principles of managerial finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Richards, C., Devin, B. (2016). Powerful supermarkets push the cost of food waste onto suppliers, charities. The Conversation, (29). Murray, P. A. (2014). The nature and sources of competitive advantage. Grigg, S. (2015). SpinachA global expedition to understand the prevalence of Damping off and practical management techniques. Bodie, Z., Kane, A., Marcus, A. J. (2014). Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Albuquerque, R., Cassel, J., Phalippou, L., Schroth, E. (2017). Liquidity Provision on the Secondary Market for Private Equity Fund Stakes. Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R., Soldo, E. (2013). Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration. Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura, 16(1). Pollard, C. M., Landrigan, T., Ellies, P., Kerr, D. A., Lester, M., Goodchild, S. (2013). Geographic factors as determinants of food security: a Western Australian food pricing and quality study. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. Battersby, J., Peyton, S. (2014, June). The geography of supermarkets in Cape Town: Supermarket expansion and food access. In Urban Forum (Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 153-164). Springer Netherlands. Australian food news. (2015 May 6th). Woolworths announces new strategies to win over grocery shoppers, AFN reveals full detail. Australian Food News. Viewed on 28th August 2017 https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2015/05/06/woolworths-announces-new-strategies-to-win-over-grocery-shoppers-afn-reveals-full-detail.html Heffernan, M., (2016 November 7th). Woolworths, Coles, Aldi: which is cheapest for branded products?. The Sydney Morning Herald. Viewed on 28th August 2017 https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/woolworths-coles-aldi-which-is-cheapest-for-branded-products-20161101-gsf9ov.html Chung, F., (2017 February 22nd). Woolworths swings back to profit in first half. News.com.au. Viewed on 28th August 2017 https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/woolworths-swings-back-to-profit-in-first-half/news-story/4252590e969c0f6f9f9221b2595e26ae

Outline free essay sample

The first reading contained the following definition of critical thinking: â€Å"Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning or communication, as a guide to belief and action. Defining Critical Thinking. (n. d. ). Critical Thinking Index Page. Retrieved from http://www. criticalthinking. org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/766 This definition uses words with which you may be unfamiliar. First, write the definitions for the following words: * Conceptualizing * Analyzing * Synthesizing Second,  re-write the  definition of critical thinking in your own words. If you like, use more than one sentence. Be sure to Include citations as needed and write in first person Definitions according to www. dictionary. reference. com * Conceptualizing – 1) To form into concept; make a concept of. 2) To form a concept: think in concepts. 3) To Form (a concept or concepts) our of observations, experience, data, etc * Analyzing – 1) To examine critically, so as to bring out the essential elements or give the essence of. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) To examine carefully and in detail so as to identify causes, key factors, possible results, etc. 3) Break down, explicate * Synthesizing – 1) To form (a material or abstract entity) by combining parts or elements (opposed to analyze). Definitions in my own words. * Conceptualizing – to form an idea or theory based off of observation, experience, data * Analyzing – to pick apart thoroughly * Synthesizing – to form ideas or theories with out analyzing Outline free essay sample The goal is to make the transformation process both efficient (low-cost, fast) and effective (providing value to the customer). This course considers both service and manufacturing operations, which are both important in todays economy. The focus in managing services leans more toward customer satisfaction and the customers experience, while manufacturing focuses more on efficiency and product quality. Improvements in manufacturing productivity over the last 70 years are largely responsible for the standard of living we enjoy. Currently services account for approximately 75% of the jobs in this country, and companies are increasingly using high quality service to gain a competitive advantage. Both qualitative and quantitative tools are used to suggest answers to management challenges. The solutions these tools give should always be tempered by management judgment. Course Materials Text: Higher Render, Operations Management, Custom Edition for Brock University, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2014 Recommended: purchase text with access to anomaly. anomaly is optional but highly recommended. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It can be obtained in one f 3 ways: Purchase a new copy of the text at the Brock bookstore includes a free access code. Purchase an e-text at the Brock bookstore includes a free access code. This is much lower cost than a new hard copy book, but expires after 4 months. If you obtain a text by other means then you can purchase access to myopia on the Pearson website when you first login this is about the same cost as the e-text Option. Case package: TO be purchased at the bookstore. Course Notes: There will be notes and information on Assai.Course Format and Evaluation GRADING Late assignments, projects reports will not be accepted. At least 10% of the grade for every hand-in will be for spelling, grammar and clarity of writing. Therefore, if English is not your first language it is strongly recommended that you use MS Words spelling and grammar check and the FOBs online language assistance program at http://brocks. Ca/business/ accreditations/assurance/writing. In addition, a proof-reading service is now available to all Goodman students for free.Please visit the Goodman Proof- reading ASSAI site you are now registered on in order to read the policy and understand submission dates and retrieval procedures. It is highly recommended you use this service In order to achieve greater comprehension of your own writing abilities and increase final assignment grades. Taking exams at times other than those scheduled will only be permitted under extreme circumstances, and then only if you contact the instructor before the exam is taken by the class. NOTE: Last day for withdrawal from Winter half-credit courses without the assignment of a grade is March 6, 2015.LEARNING In-class learning will include lectures, case discussions, videos, exercises, and detent participation. You are responsible to be aware of everything said in class, including announcements; if you need to miss a class, be sure to get the information and notes from someone else. You may find it helpful to bring your text to class when we discuss the chapter material. An important element of this course is teamwork. You will be a part of a team for the TRAP report.

Profile of Toni Morrison, Nobel Prize Winning Novelist

Profile of Toni Morrison, Nobel Prize Winning Novelist Toni Morrison (February 18, 1931, to August 5, 2019) was an American novelist, editor, and educator whose novels focused on the experience of black Americans, particularly emphasizing black womens experience in an unjust society and the search for cultural identity. In her writing, she artfully used fantasy and mythical elements along with realistic depictions of racial, gender and class conflict. In 1993, she became the first African American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Fast Facts: Toni Morrison Known For: American novelist, editor, and educatorAlso Known As: Chloe Anthony Wofford (given name at birth)Born: February 18, 1931 in Lorain, OhioDied: August 5, 2019 in The Bronx, New York City (pneumonia)Parents: Ramah and George WoffordEducation: Howard University (BA), Cornell University (MA)Noted Works: The Bluest Eye, Song of Solomon, Beloved, Jazz, ParadiseKey Awards: Pulitzer Prize for fiction (1987), Nobel Prize in Literature (1993), Presidential Medal of Freedom (2012)Spouse: Harold MorrisonChildren: sons Harold Ford Morrison, Slade MorrisonNotable Quote: â€Å"If you’re going to hold someone down you’re going to have to hold on by the other end of the chain. You are confined by your own repression.† Along with the Nobel Prize, Morrison won the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award in 1988 for her 1987 novel Beloved, and in 1996, she was selected for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. government’s highest honor for achievement in the humanities. On May 29, 2012, she was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. Early Life, Education, and Teaching Career Toni Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford in Lorain, Ohio, on February 18, 1931, to Ramah and George Wofford. Growing up during the economic hardship of the Great Depression, Morrison’s father, a former sharecropper, worked at three jobs to support the family. It was from her family that Morrison inherited her deep appreciation for all aspects of black culture. Morrison earned Bachelor of Arts degrees from Howard University in 1952 and a Masters degree from Cornell University in 1955. After college, she changed her first name to Toni and taught at Texas Southern University until 1957. From 1957 to 1964, she taught at Howard University, where she married Jamaican architect Harold Morrison. Before divorcing in 1964, the couple had two sons together, Harold Ford Morrison and Slade Morrison. Among her students at Howard were future Civil Rights Movement leader Stokely Carmichael and Claude Brown, author of Manchild in the Promised Land. In 1965, Toni Morrison went to work as an editor at book publisher Random House, becoming the first black woman senior editor in the fiction department in 1967. After returning to teaching at State University of New York at Albany from 1984 to 1989, she taught at Princeton University until she retired in 2006. Writing Career While working as a senior editor at Random House, Morrison also started sending her own manuscripts to publishers. Her first novel, The Bluest Eye, was published in 1970 when Morrison was 39. Bluest Eye told the story of a victimized young black girl whose obsession with her idea of white beauty drove her longing for blue eyes. Her second novel, Sula, depicting the friendship between two black women, was published in 1973, while she was teaching at State University of New York. While teaching at Yale in 1977, Morrison’s third novel, Song of Solomon, was published. The book gained critical and popular acclaim, winning the 1977 National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction. Her next novel, Tar Baby, exploring the conflicts of race, class, and sex, was published in 1981 and led to her being accepted as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Morrison’s first play, Dreaming Emmett, about the 1955 lynching of black teenager Emmett Till, premiered in 1986. The Beloved Trilogy Published in 1987, Morrison’s most celebrated novel, Beloved, was inspired by the life story of Margaret Garner, an enslaved African American woman. Remaining on the New York Times bestseller list for 25 weeks, Beloved won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In 1998, Beloved was made into a feature film starring Oprah Winfrey and Danny Glover.   The second book in what Morrison called her â€Å"Beloved trilogy,† Jazz, came out in 1992. Written in a style imitating the rhythms of jazz music, Jazz depicts a love triangle during New York City’s Harlem Renaissance period of the 1920s. Critical acclaim from Jazz resulted in Morrison becoming the first African American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993. Published in 1997, the third book of Morrison’s Beloved trilogy, Paradise, focuses on the citizens of a fictional all-black town. In suggesting that Beloved, Jazz, and Paradise should be read together as a trilogy, Morrison explained, â€Å"The conceptual connection is the search for the beloved- the part of the self that is you, and loves you, and is always there for you.† In her 1993 Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Morrison explained the source of her inspiration to depict the black experience by telling the story of an old, blind, black woman who is confronted by a group of black teenagers who ask her, â€Å"Is there no context for our lives? No song, no literature, no poem full of vitamins, no history connected to experience that you can pass along to help us start strong? †¦ Think of our lives and tell us your particularized world. Make up a story.† Final Years and the Writing of Home In her later life, Morrison wrote children’s books with her younger son, Slade Morrison, a painter and a musician. When Slade died of pancreatic cancer in December 2010, one of Morrison’s final novels, Home, was half-completed. She said at the time, â€Å"I stopped writing until I began to think, he would be really put out if he thought that he had caused me to stop. ‘Please, Mom, Im dead, could you keep going . . . ?’† Morrison did â€Å"keep on going† and finished Home, dedicating it to Slade. Published in 2012, Home tells the story of a black Korean War veteran living in the segregated United States of the 1950s, who fights to save his sister from brutal medical experiments performed on her by a racist white doctor. In a 2008 interview with NPR’s Michel Martin, Morrison addressed the future of racism: â€Å"Racism will disappear when [it is] no longer profitable and no longer psychologically useful. When that happens, it’ll be gone.† Today, Oberlin College, in Oberlin, Ohio, is the home of the Toni Morrison Society, an international literary society dedicated to teaching, reading, and researching the works of Toni Morrison. Toni Morrison died at age 88 from complications of pneumonia at the Montefiore Medical Center in The Bronx, New York City, on August 5, 2019. Updated by Robert Longley Sources and Further Reference .†Toni Morrison Fast Factsâ€Å" CNN Library. (August 6, 2019).Duvall, John N. (2000). â€Å".†The Identifying Fictions of Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-23402-7.Fox, Margalit (August 6, 2019). â€Å".†Toni Morrison, Towering Novelist of the Black Experience, Dies at 88 The New York Times.Ghansah, Rachel Kaadzi (April 8, 2015). â€Å".†The Radical Vision of Toni Morrison The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331..†Ghosts in the House: How Toni Morrison Fostered a Generation of Black Writersâ€Å" The New Yorker. October 27, 2003.

Italian Cuisines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Italian Cuisines - Essay Example The first course (primi or minestra) can be a risotto, a soup, or pasta served in a broth or sauced. No matter what is served first, it is served in a bowl, and it always, always precedes the meat, fish, or fowl course. When dining out in Italy, the choice of a second course is made after you've eaten the first course. This way, a diner can evaluate the experience of the first course and decide on its best counterpoint for the second. One or two vegetable dishes (contorno) often round out this course. For example, "fish" is the theme of this meal composed by Marcella Hazan. The antipasto is tiny boiled shrimp served warm and seasoned with lemon juice, olive oil, and parsley. Next (primi) comes a squid and clam risotto to make "peppery comments." Then (secondi), a turbot baked with potatoes and garlic is served. After the turbot, a bitter salad of radicchio and field greens cleanses the palate. The closing course is fresh fruit sliced and served in wine. The Mediterranean diet is all the rage these days - it has a reputation for being sinfully delicious while possessing the virtue of being extremely healthful. Yet when asked to define it, many folks have hard time coming up with a good description. Not surprising. Any country contiguous with the Mediterranean Sea, from Morocco to Greece and from Spain to Israel, can rightly claim that its cuisine qualifies as a form of the Mediterranean diet. Indeed there are hundreds perhaps thousands of variations of the Mediterranean diet as micro-cuisines vary from village to village. In Italy alone there are subtle nuances that distinguish the cuisines of different regions and villages. Roman, Tuscan, Ligurian, Neapolitan and Sicilian cuisine, to name handful of broad categories, are all variations on the Italian version of the Mediterranean Diet. It is the south/central Italian version of the Mediterranean diet, which we will focus on in this course. It is among the healthiest of all Mediterranean cuisines, and we believe is the most delicious. Despite the many variations of the Mediterranean diet, there are some common characteristics that are found in all the healthiest versions. Perhaps the single most important feature that unites all these cuisines is olive oil. It is a vehicle for the tastes that permeate these cuisines and it is the elixir of health that makes them so beneficial. Olive oil is the source of almost all fat in the health Mediterranean diet, there is very little saturated fat from meat and not many other vegetable oils either. Not only is olive oil a beneficial monounsaturated fat, it carries many important anti-oxidants along with it. But perhaps the most important characteristic is simply that it makes vegetables taste absolutely delicious. This encourages the avid consumption of vegetables that is so characteristic of the healthy Mediterranean diet. Broccoli, spinach, tomatoes (technically a fruit), and scores of other vegetables and plant foods have, individually and collectively, been associated with lower

Discussion Question 2 Week 1 Accounting Assignment

Discussion Question 2 Week 1 Accounting - Assignment Example Bookkeeping was explicitly defined as â€Å"the process of recording, in chronological order, the daily transactions of a business entity. It forms part of the accounting information system† (Miss CPA, 2011, par. 6). The accounting equation is actually defined as â€Å"An equation that reflects the two-sided nature of a business entity, assets on the one side and the sources of assets on the other side (assets = liabilities + owners’ equity)†¦ The accounting equation is the foundation for double-entry bookkeeping, which uses a scheme for recording changes in these basic types of accounts as either debits or credits such that the total of accounts with debit balances equals the total of accounts with credit balances. The accounting equation also serves as the framework for the statement of financial condition, or balance sheet, which is one of the three fundamental financial statements reported by a business† (Financial Terms, 2012). As such, the basic theoretical framework significantly impacts business decision making since it clearly pinpoints and accurately identifies the sources of changes in the different accounts of the organization. As such, understanding the concept of the accounting equation would facilitate determination of any evident deviation that significantly impacts current operation, and which were not according to the organization’s plans, thus, should be appropriately and immediately

The issues in conformity

The issues in conformity Theory Conformity to group is another issue depicted on the movie to be researched. Based on Farlex, 2010, conformity means take action based on certain accepted normal standard. If we talk in context of group, so this conformity to group can be described as the action that accepted in a group as a foundation of an agreement. This is a need for each people to be in custom as a part of in-group people, rather than becomes out-group people in a certain group, gang, or organization that leads to a sign that that person is similar to people within that group which follow the consistency of the rules, despite of threatening the rules it selves (Sique, 2010).Basically high conformity to group means that when one persons will is defeated by others will in deciding something because they dont want to act opposed his/her groups will that may result in unsafe and high pressure community. Actually this conformity to group is the result of some cultural dimensions created by Dutch sociologist; Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaar. Based on doch and luthans, 2006, hofstede examined four cultural dimensions, while on the other hand Trompenaar developed seven dimensions. Not all dimensions can be linked as the result of conformity to group, however there are some factors that have strong bond with conformity that werent come from those dimensions. Application of Theory Based on hofstede, dimension in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and collectivism lead to high conformity, while particularism, communitarianism, neutral, and ascription from Trompenaar may give participation as well. Power distance describe when a superior in a group is accepted to have the greatest power in that group, therefore that person must be obeyed (Viaweb, 2010). In high conformity, high power distance is exists based on people who act as superior or made superior by others because of their ability or even race. They must be followed otherwise we can be treated as outsider in our group. High conformity may caused by situation in which its member feel uncomfortable in unusual or different circumstances (Itim International, 2009). People with this high level of uncertainty avoidance will be passive and tend to follow the rules, therefore they dont want to express their emotion to the group which makes them comfort with their group choice. Collectivism as opposite of individualism makes people tend to loyal with their group and share their value and belief that may lead to community interest. In high conformity, people may look after their group decision and be likely to forgone their own w ill. The problem is occurred when it comes to a question, â€Å"if everyone goes after others will, so whose willingness that must be complied with?†The answer might be related closely with power distance, in which the superior is the ruler. High conformity to group is a result of particularism in which the community of the group may help their friends using any other ways, including breaking rules as long as they are in one community. Based on doh and luthans, 2006, communitarianism refers to people that look upon themselves as a part of group not individual with own will that becomes requirement oh high conformity to group. high conformity tend to have neutral culture in which peoples emotion are not doing in an open or ordinary ways, thus people keep silent even the decision is contradictive with their will. Later if we see conformity characteristic, we can see that people in that group tend to be ascription culture that means the people who become â€Å"the leader† is the one that mature either in age, or gender, not based on their ability or knowledge. So even someone who has better idea, but if the older one said something worse, people tend to choose the older one. Another issue that closely related with conformity to group is because of ethnocentrism. Its the belief that â€Å"ones own way of doing something is superior to others† (Doh and Luthans, 2006). This meaning can be applied to all aspect, such as one culture belief that their culture is highest among others. And in other words we can say it is when people everything based on their own way, without accepting that other people might have their own perspective. People could have high conformity in their group if they think that people on their group is the best, which is characteristic of ethnocentrism, and look other as low level group. This will lead to external conflict in society life. â€Å"Even though it may cause external conflicts, it creates internal unity. It also makes individuals feel more certain about their beliefs. Through providing individuals with a sense of belonging to a particular community, ethnocentrism enables social order. Societies need that kind of solidarity and order so as to continue â€Å"(Charon, 2007). Implication to business The issues in conformity to group and ethnocentrism itself may have implication to managing across cultures either in domestic or international organization. Most likely the negative effects will occurs based on those cultural issues. Ethnocentrism may result a bad effect where it goes into business or organization world. Firstly it may result in the bad decision when it comes to a company that did offshore and use home country managers. managers from home country with high ethnocentrism may think that the best business decision is the one like in home country as they might think that business decision in host country is not the best one. This may result in the failing in companys business. if we go to personal level, we will see more issues that can be raised. Based on the high ethnocentrism level, a person with high level of managerial may makes decision with any issues, such as they might think that their race is higher than local people in the workplace, so that the managers might support the employee with same race or nationality that similar with him/her. That kind of managers will hear more and approved employees idea that come from similar background with the manager, rather than any idea from local employ ee, even that idea is greater. Even in case where a manager must fire the employee, the manager will let off employee based on their certain background. In the case of conformity any subordinate may find any difficulties in give their brilliant idea, or aspiration to their superior. Most likely they are afraid that if they dont agree with their superior decision or idea, they will be marked as an opposition party, which later on resulting in their future career. Even the subordinate mindsets that think their superior is the best person with all excellent business approach. Moreover Pech (2001) reach a finding that high level of conformity in organization may resulting in disadvantage effects such as avoidance of individualism, reduce individual sense of creativity, discovery, and ownership. And final disadvantages to organization may occurred because of low morale and incompetency in taking action to competitor or external pressures through low capability in low cost and product differentiation. Recommendation In order to prevent the negative effect of conformity and ethnocentrism to group, there are some ways to be applied. First of all, the main effort that must be applied is communication and training. Such in case of off shoring company, the managers from home country must get any training before start to become the leader in the host country. They must know how to interact with local employee in their behavior, including socialization, appraising, and cultural rules. Communication is important factor that must be applied in certain issues that both faced by managers and employees in order to resolve with win-win solution. Then the next thing to do is managers should change their own habits and have ability in understanding others by learn to see different reaction to such business approach that may be seen from other people. Groupthink can also be used rather than individual will of a manager by asking opinion from their subordinates and thinking out of the box. This groupthink may ch ange both the managers and employees behavior and positively will reach good results (Helium, Inc, 2010). However in a journal by manz and neck (1995) they state that groupthink only focus on the negative effect in team decision making and thus there is a tendency within the member of group to fail in discussing and analyze any alternative course of action. Therefore they offer new ways of thinking by using Team think that will produce effective synergies thinking in belief and assumption that improve decision making and the outcome of performance. Charon, J.M. (2007). Ten Questions: A Sociological Perspective. (6th ed). Belmont: Thomson. Doh.J.P, Luthans.F, 2006, International Management culture, strategy, and behavior 7th edition, McGraw-Hill. Farlex, Inc, 2010, conformity, viewed 5th April 2010. Helium,inc,2010, Understanding the effects of groupthink in the workplace, viewed 5th April 2010. Itim International, 2009, Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimension. Viewed 5th April 2010 Manz.C.C, and Neck.C.P,1995, Team think: beyond the groupthink syndrome in self-managing work teams, Journal of Managerial Psychology Volume 10 No 1 pp. 7-15 Pech,R.J, 2001, Reflections termites, group behavior, and the loss of innovation: conformity rules, Journal of Managerial Psychology Volume 16 · No 7 pp. 559-774 Sique, 2010, the need for: conformity, viewed 5th April 2010. Viaweb, 2010, Power distance, viewed 5th April 2010.

Optometry Essay example -- essays research papers

Over half the people in the United States wear glasses or contact lenses. Optometrist, also known as â€Å"Eye Doctors† or â€Å"O.D.’s, have to provide there services in order to meet the demands. Optometrists have to be well-educated and friendly people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All States and the District of Columbia require that optometrists be licensed, which requires a Doctor of Optometry degree from an accredited optometry school and passing both a written and a clinical State board examination. Licenses are renewed every one to three years and in all states, continuing education credits are needed for renewal. The Doctor of Optometry degree requires a four-year program proceeded by at least 3 years of study before they even start. Most students hold a bachelor degree or higher. You must have passed college English, Mathematics, Optics, Physics, Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology to get accepted into an optometrist college.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employment of optometrists is expected to grow about as fast as the average for all occupations through 2008 in response to the vision care needs of a growing and aging population. As baby boomers age, they will be more likely to visit optometrists and ophthalmologists because of the onset of vision problems in middle age, including computer-related vision problems. The demand for optometry services will also increase because of growth in the oldest age group, with their increased likelihood of cataracts, glaucoma, diabe...

Pakistan’s War on Terror Up to and Beyond 2014

While Pakistan continues to be a frontline state in the global war on terror, it is simultaneously fighting domestic terrorism in a war that will seemingly continue well beyond 2014. In recent months, terror attacks targeting the Shia Hazara minority in Baluchistan indicate a transformation of the terror problem in Pakistan. The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi present two different sides of Pakistan’s terrorism problem, however, the two organizations have increasingly converged operationally to the extent that Pakistan cannot eliminate one without simultaneously confronting the other. BACKGROUND: The September 11 terrorist attacks on the U. S. in which thousands of innocent lives were lost led Pakistan to join the U. S. -led global war against international terrorism in which Pakistan has over the years made an invaluable contribution. However, with the passage of time, Washington increasingly came to view Islamabad as part of the problem rather than the solution. Most U. S. and European policy makers believe that Pakistan is providing a safe haven for the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. Western media is full of stories about a presence of the Taliban leadership in Pakistan, including of Mullah Omar’s alleged base in Quetta. Since the summer of 2008, U. S. military and intelligence agencies are sharing minimal intelligence with its Pakistani counterparts, instead focusing on drone attacks against suspected terrorist movements and hideouts. Pakistan is a signatory to the UN’s Palermo Convention. At the regional level, Pakistan has signed and ratified SAARC Regional Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism and the SAARC Convention on Narcotic Drugs Substances and the ECO Protocol against drugs. It has extradition treaties with 29 countries and bilateral agreements or MOUs on terrorism with 50 countries. Pakistan has played a major role in eliminating a number of terror networks such as the Al-Qaeda Anthrax network, the Alghuraba network, the UK-based Anglo-Pakistani group and Jundullah. Prominent targets captured include Khalid Sheikh Muhammad, Abu Alfaraj Alibi, Al Shib, Abu Zubaida, Abu Talha, Khalid bin Attash or Walid bin Attish, Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani, Mohammad Naeem Noor Khan, Abu Laith al-Libi, Hasan Bana, Hamza Rabbi, Sharif Al Masri, Abu Mushab Masri, Jaffar Uttayyar Alkashmiri Yassir Al-Jaziri, and Abdul Rehman Al-Masri. Umar Patek was arrested in Abbottabad by Pakistani forces and may have provided important leads to Osama bin Laden’s whereabouts. Since 9/11, Pakistan has also become a victim of terrorism. The direct and indirect cost suffered by Islamabad in the war on terror has been around US$ 35 billion. There has been a constant increase in the number of terror attacks in Pakistan since 9/11 and a number of prominent Pakistanis have lost their lives in such attacks. These include the two-time Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto and the former head of the Pakistan Army’s Special Service Group, Maj. Gen. (Rtd) Ameer Faisal Alvi. Most of the jihadists in Pakistan, especially the splinter groups of various organizations, are now operating under the umbrella of TTP, a Deobandi Sunni organization established in December 2007. TTP’s objectives include cleansing Pakistan of foreign, meaning the U. S. and overall Western, presence, implementing Sharia and establishing a Caliphate. Over the years, TTP has been involved in a number of suicide bombings, rocket attacks, remote controlled bombs, abductions, and beheadings. It has widened its area of operations beyond Pakistan’s tribal areas and targeted a number of government installations and organizations in the mainland, including the Federal Investigation Agency’s Lahore office, the Naval War College in Lahore, the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, the Wah ordinance Factory, the Sri Lankan cricket team in Lahore, a police training school, the GHQ Rawalpindi and the Navy’s Mehran base in Karachi. It is also involved in kidnapping for ransom, bank robberies, forced taxes and drug trade. IMPLICATIONS: Since 9/11, the TTP has increasingly converged with the staunchly anti-Shia militant group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi. A number of prominent TTP operations were conducted by known Lashkar-e-Jhangvi operatives. In recent months, the Hazaras in Baluchistan are increasingly becoming a prime target of the Lashkar-e-Jhangvi. Both TTP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi consider Shias kafirs (infidels) and hence legitimate targets. Terrorist activities showed no sign of receding in 2012, indicating that after more than a decade of fighting terror, Pakistan is nowhere close to the finishing line in this war and the problem is taking an even uglier shape. According to various sources, Pakistan suffered more than 6000 casualties in different terror attacks in 2012. More than 450 terror attacks were recorded in 2012 in which at least 39 were confirmed suicide attacks. Another important development in 2012 was the increasing operational alliance between the TTP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, although the two groups have cooperated with each other also in the past, the group led by Amjad Farooqi in 2003-2004 being a case in point. However, in 2012 the two groups largely converged operationally in the sense that they declared a war against Shias. This convergence has resulted in the worst attacks to date against Shias, especially the Hazaras in Baluchistan. In 2012, Shias were targeted in 113 attacks in which 396 people lost their lives, indicating the increasingly sectarian features of Pakistan’s terrorism problem. So far, more than a thousand terror-related deaths have occurred in 2013. Apart from a closer alliance emerging between TTP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, TTP has also established Ansar Al-Aseerian (Helpers of the prisoners) in partnership with the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. According to media reports, Adnan Rasheed has been appointed the head of this group. The purpose of this group is to free all militants held in custody by Pakistani security forces and in various jails. TTP is also attempting to expand its activities and area of influence to Karachi, Pakistan’s major financial hub. Karachi, which is also considered to be Pakistan’s major Pashtun center, has been a preferred hideout for TTP, while some TTP and other jihadi activists have received medical treatment in Karachi. 2013 also witnessed two developments that will have long lasting effect on Pakistan’s war against terrorism. Firstly, Pakistan’s national Assembly unanimously passed the National Counter Terrorism Authority Bill 2013 on March 8, 2013. The establishment of a National Counter Terrorism Authority (NCTA) will play an important role in the efforts to combat terrorism. According to the mandate given to NCTA, it will â€Å"coordinate counter terrorism and counter extremism efforts in view of the nature and magnitude of the terrorist threat; and to present strategic policy options to the government for consideration/implementation by the stakeholders after scientifically studying the phenomenon of extremism and terrorism in historic and professional perspective. † Secondly, Pakistan’s army is taking a tougher stance and increasing its attention to the terrorism problem, as indicated by the decision of Pakistan’s army chief to treat the problem of terrorism as an operational priority. 013 is also an election year in Pakistan, with national and provincial elections scheduled for May 11, 2013. TTP has already targeted a number of political events in Khyber Paktunkhwa and especially the Awami National Party’s election campaign. The political party or parties that will form the next government will not only inherit a crisis in the energy and financial sectors but will also have to make hard decisions about the country’s war against terror. CONCLUSIONS: Developments in Pakistan suggest that the country’s terror problem will only increase in the lead-up to 2014 and Pakistan will have to fight its war on terror well beyond 2014, if concrete and decisive steps against TTP and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi are not taken. Both organizations want Pakistan to be a Sunni state and are increasingly targeting Shias. The Pakistani people and armed forces have paid a huge price in people and material in this ongoing war. Unless Pakistan addresses the root causes of the problem, it will not only persist but also get worse.

Create an Endothermic Chemical Reaction

Most  endothermic reactions  contain toxic chemicals, but this reaction is safe and easy. Indeed, this experiment requires no toxic chemicals  -- a rarity in chemistry studies. Use it as a demonstration or vary the amounts of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate to make an experiment. Materials Citric acid and baking soda are available at most grocery stores. Citric acid is used for canning, while baking soda is used for baking. Heres what youll need: 25 milliliters of citric acid solution15 grams of baking sodaplastic foam cupthermometerstirring rod Creating the Reaction Pour the citric acid solution into a  coffee cup. Use a thermometer or other temperature probe to record the initial temperature.Stir in the baking soda  -- sodium bicarbonate. Track the change in temperature as a function of time.The reaction is: H3C6H5O7(aq) 3 NaHCO3(s) → 3 CO2(g) 3 H2O(l) Na3C6H5O7(aq)When you have completed your demonstration or experiment, wash the cup out in a sink. Tips for Success Feel free to vary the concentration of the citric acid solution or the quantity of sodium bicarbonate.An endothermic is a reaction that requires energy to proceed. The intake of energy may be observed as a decrease in temperature as the reaction proceeds. Once the reaction is complete, the temperature of the mixture will return to ​​room temperature.